Prescription Drugs

Every year, thousands of Americans visit their doctors for chronic pain. About 20% of people leave with a prescription for an opioid-based pain killer like Vicodin, Percocet, or OxyContin. When used for a short period of time and in moderation, these drugs are very effective at alleviating pain. But certain risk factors can also put you at a higher risk of developing a drug dependency or addiction.

Ambien, which also goes by the brand name of “Zolpidem,” is a drug used to treat insomnia. Insomnia is a sleep disorder characterized by difficulty falling or staying asleep. Although Ambien can help you get a better night's sleep, experts caution that the drug is associated with side effects, including digestive problems and hallucinations. Sleep-walking, preparing and eating meals, and even driving asleep while taking Ambien have been reported.

Sedatives have been widely prescribed to treat conditions such as anxiety, pain, insomnia, and panic attacks. They are central nervous system depressants, meaning they slow normal brain function by affecting the neurotransmitter GABA – responsible for reducing neuronal excitability. Sedatives such as benzodiazepines and barbiturates have become more controlled due to their potential for abuse or misuse, but even those with prescriptions are at risk. Those who use sedatives recreationally often do so alongside mixtures of other substances, increasing their chances for dangerous side effects. Prescription medications can easily become abused if a patient is not closely monitoring how often, how much, or how long they are supposed to be taking the drug. A 2015 study conducted by researchers from Texas and published in the Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine noted self-medication as a major cause of sedative abuse; for those with anxiety, increases in emotional stress can lead to increased vulnerability towards anxiety, causing a person to attempt to self-medicate. Examples of emotional stress include:

According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), the United States spends a total of $740 billion annually in costs related to crime, lost work productivity, and healthcare for all kinds of substance abuse. The opioid epidemic has sparked a national debate on prescription abuse; the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) have outlined the dangers of prescription medication overdose and how the U.S has seen a major increase of morbidity rates related to prescription abuse. If you’ve been prescribed medication, it’s important to follow the directions exactly as they say; taking more than or for longer than recommended by your doctor could yield dangerous health consequences. The National Safety Council reports 60 people as dying from opioid prescriptions each day, equating to approximately 22,000 people each year. Furthermore, 70% of people who abuse prescriptions have reported obtaining them from friends or relatives – making you a key source for those close to you to abuse medication. Prescription drugs are becoming abused more than any other drug – what is fueling this epidemic? A variety of misconceptions have led more and more people to abuse prescription drugs, including beliefs that:

According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), the United States spends a total of $740 billion annually in costs related to crime, lost work productivity, and healthcare for all kinds of substance abuse. The opioid epidemic has sparked a national debate on prescription abuse; the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) have outlined the dangers of prescription medication overdose and how the U.S has seen a major increase of morbidity rates related to prescription abuse. If you’ve been prescribed medication, it’s important to follow the directions exactly as they say; taking more than or for longer than recommended by your doctor could yield dangerous health consequences. The National Safety Council reports 60 people as dying from opioid prescriptions each day, equating to approximately 22,000 people each year. Furthermore, 70% of people who abuse prescriptions have reported obtaining them from friends or relatives – making you a key source for those close to you to abuse medication. Prescription drugs are becoming abused more than any other drug – what is fueling this epidemic? A variety of misconceptions have led more and more people to abuse prescription drugs, including beliefs that:

Often used to treat anxiety disorders, Xanax has been known to produce calming effects in the user. Short-term effects of Xanax include drowsiness, headaches, dizziness, fatigue, dry mouth, changes in sex drive, and more – but that isn’t stopping anyone from consuming this drug. Teenagers and young adults are more widely expected to consume this drug at parties, but there is one major concern on the rise – one that’s taking lives. The National Crime Agency (NCA) in the UK stated, “The great disaster is when these tablets are supplied between friends, and one friend kills another friend because they’ve sold them something without knowing what it was.” Counterfeit Xanax is becoming more popular, and drug producers are lacing it with a deadly drug – fentanyl, which has taken the lives of 113 people in the UK so far. There are several ways to identify what is Xanax and what is a counterfeit, but you must be well-versed on the drug’s generic qualities to be able to appropriately decipher:

Valium and Vicodin are listed under two separate drug classifications, and these two drugs are used for completely different reasons. Valium (the brand name for diazepam) is a benzodiazepine often used to treat anxiety disorders, seizures, restless legs syndrome and more. It has known side effects of drowsiness, muscle weakness, and/or loss of coordination. Vicodin, on the other hand, is an opioid based medication (the brand name for hydrocodone bitartrate and acetaminophen). This drug is a drug used to treat moderate to severe pain, and is not used for mental health purposes.

As a woman stated on the NY Daily News, “You wake up tired and you just count the hours until the day is over. And you hope tomorrow’s going to be better.” Ambien is a widely used hypnotic medication that was designed for short-term use to combat insomnia. The prescription drugs work by activating the neurotransmitter GABA and binding it to the GABA receptors in the same location of benzodiazepines such as Xanax and Valium, according to the Huffington Post. Ambien works very efficiently at causing someone to feel sleepy – typically within 20 minutes of taking it. The National Survey on Drug Use and Health estimates that approximately half a million people in the United States are currently using Ambien and other sedatives – but many are probably not aware of the dangers of this prescription medication. For one, the effects can be very harmful when Ambien is paired with other drugs, particularly anti-anxiety medication and pain relievers. A report stated that between 2005 and 2010, emergency room visits from Ambien rose from 6,111 visits to 19,487 visits. Mixing medications is like a science experiment to the body because you don’t know how each medication is going to react to the body and to one another. Ambien also can take longer to leave the body, causing many people to feel impaired while driving or operating machinery. Women take much longer for the medication to leave their system, and the recommended dosage for medications like Ambien has been reduced because of this. Common complaints associated with Ambien and similar hypnotics have included daytime drowsiness, dizziness, hallucinations, agitation, sleep-walking and drowsiness while driving, according to The Atlantic. Does this mean you should not accept this medication if your doctor prescribes it to you? Not exactly. Ambien can be relatively safe if you take the doses recommended and you stay in close contact with your doctor to discuss your symptoms. If any symptoms of concern arise, always seek out medical attention immediately. Stay informed on what you are taking and how much you should be taking, and do not mix Ambien with other medications, especially other depressants.

The opioid crisis is taking over, with approximately 90 Americans dying each day from opioid overdose. This number is staggering; many are abusing their prescription medications, but many are also abusing medications they found/retrieved from a family member, friend, etc. The cost is too high for us and our loved ones to abuse and overdose on these medications, which is why it’s incredibly important for us to dispose of them properly. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has noted several effective ways to do this:

With the uprising of the opioid crisis, pain medication is landing front in center as a concern of many Americans. Too many overdoses have occurred due to opioids, and the government is working to enact a plan to educate the communicate on the dangers of misusing these drugs, as well as the importance of either staying away from or highly monitoring prescription medications that are highly addictive. No matter your reason for taking pain relievers, these are the medications you should be most concerned of due to their addictive properties:

The over-prescription of opioid painkillers in the United States has pushed us over the edge in nearly every aspect; with so much drug overdose deaths occurring, our life expectancy is lowering. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 63,000 people died in 2016 from a drug overdose – a nearly 21% increase from 2015 and three times the amount of deaths related in 1999. Individuals in the 25-54 age group are most at-risk, as many have been prescribed the medication for injuries or post-surgeries, and many others abusing medication that isn’t theirs. The unfortunate circumstance of America is that our population is dying not just due health reasons such as cancer or old age, but also due to reasons that could have involved more preventative measure. Unintentional injuries such as both vehicle accidents and drug overdoses are becoming the leading cause of death in the United States. Previous declines in life expectancy in the United States were due to health epidemics such as the AIDS virus and fatal influenza rates. Barnett, assistant professor at Harvard University’s T.H. Chan School for Public Health, stated in an interview, “If just as bad as anybody could have feared. As a country, we have not reached the peak of this problem.” While several steps from the government has been taken – such as expanded healthcare education to communities and referring medication that is said to be less addictive than others – there is still more work that needs to be done. As a nation, we need to come together and support one another more. We need to broaden our knowledge on ourselves, others, and how various circumstances can impact one another. Many people feel that if someone becomes addicted, it’s not their problem so they shouldn’t worry about it. Essentially, each person contributes to the larger sense of home that we call America and because of this, we need to look further into what we can do as individuals to help our communities thrive more.

Tramadol is a pain medication that serves to moderate severe pain intensity, and is part of a class of drugs called opiate narcotic analgesics, which work by changing the way the brain responds to pain. Tramadol used to be considered relatively safe, but it is becoming clearer just how dangerous it is. According to the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), the estimated number of tramadol-related emergency visits due to misuse or abuse rose 250%, from 6, 255 visits in 2005 to 21,649 visits in 2011. The World Health Organization (WHO) stated in 2014 that tramadol has the same chemical structure as codeine. This medication has an extended form used for around-the-clock treatment rather than a “take as needed” basis. Also in 2014, the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) announced that tramadol has been placed into schedule IV of the Controlled Substances Act (CSA). This was due to the concern of abuse, misuse, addiction and overdose of opioid analgesics. While tramadol can be safe if taken as prescribed by the doctor, it is highly addictive and can be very dangerous. Firstly, there are a wide range of side effects with this drug that can be very unpleasant: itching, headaches, nausea, vomiting, constipation, and drowsiness, to name a few. More serious side effects include seizures, serotonin syndrome, depressed breathing, fatal skin reaction, and more. Tramadol is not safe when mixed with alcohol, sedatives, tranquilizers, or other narcotic medications. Due to the similar chemical structure of codeine, tramadol can become habit-forming. The Wall Street Journal claims that tramadol has been known to be as addictive as morphine – when taken, the drug increases the production of neurotransmitters in the brain such as norepinephrine, serotonin, and other hormones, such as endorphins. WHO reports that tramadol enters the bloodstream immediately, with effectiveness peaking in 1-4 hours and extended-release tramadol peaking in 4-6 hours. Withdrawal symptoms begin to appear within about 12 hours of the last dose. The DEA states that 90% of people who withdrawal from tramadol experience traditional opioid symptoms.