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According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), around 828,000 people reported using heroin in the United States in 2015, and the numbers have likely increased from there. Heroin is a synthetic but highly addictive opioid that produces feelings of euphoria; individuals may smoke, inject intravenously, or snort this drug in order to achieve varying levels of intensity and at different rates of speed. Individuals who abuse heroin often exhibit a number of symptoms, including: drowsiness, slowed breathing, slowed heart rate, flushing of the skin, dry mouth, nausea, and vomiting. If you or someone you know has taken a lot of this drug, overdose is a grave concern. As emphasized by the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), users who experience overdose cannot survive without medical attention, which is why you need to dial 911 immediately if you or a loved one has overdosed. Signs of this include:

A common attack thrown at an individual in today’s society typically involves “you’re so narcissistic”. This unfortunate and misguided stereotype fails to address narcissism for what it really is – U.S. News states that 1 in 16 Americans experience narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) at some point in their lives, but in fact we all have narcissism. How is this? Despite common beliefs, narcissism is a spectrum – and only if a person is on the severe side do they meet the criteria for NPD. NPD is characterized by an excessive need for admiration, a disregard for others’ feelings, an inability to handle criticism, and an overall sense of self-entitlement. The symptoms experienced with this disorder are more intense than typical narcissism, however. At healthy levels, narcissism helps us maintain a good appearance, perform well a job interviews, land a date with a potential love interest and more – we all need to have some form of self-interest and self-confidence to be able to portray the best version of ourselves in front of others, especially when the outcome could involve something that we desire for ourselves. Unhealthy levels of narcissism, however, are what lean more towards the NPD side – which can greatly affect aspects of daily life, such as school, work, family, and social relationships. A 2015 study published in the Psychological Bulletin sought to explore gender differences regarding NPD; researchers analyzed 355 studies, with 470,846 participants in sum. The researchers identified gender differences of NPD in three principal areas: Exploitative/Entitlement – manipulation; has no problems “stepping” on others in order to get what they want Leadership/Authority – motivation, desire, and belief that one holds a position of power; individuals with this type of NPD enjoy having authority over others. Grandiose/Exhibitionism – vanity, self-absorption, and the desire to be the center of attention If you have been diagnosed with NPD, treatment is an option and often includes cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), a form of treatment that helps individuals understand their disorder and their thinking patterns and how this influences their actions. If you have been diagnosed with a mental disorder, it’s important that you seek help from a reputable treatment center.

Growing up in a family where addiction is ever present can feel like a never-ending cycle that you’re destined to repeat. For many, addiction is all they’ve ever known – whether you’ve had to take on additional roles as a child or you’ve witnessed or experienced abuse, neglect, violence, or general family dysfunction due to addiction, you’ve likely been weary that this, too, could become your future. Previous research has shown that children who grow up in dysfunctional families are prone to mental illnesses and addiction later on down the line – there are, however, steps that you can take to ensure this doesn’t become part of your storyline. A 2014 study published in the journal Child & Family Social Work sought to explore recent mothers who were substance dependent and were navigating their way to achieving stability and breaking their family’s cycle of addiction as they worked through motherhood. Six mothers who had been diagnosed with a substance use disorder (SUD) and were enrolled in an inpatient treatment program were interviewed; researchers asked the participants questions relating to their understanding of their child, their own childhood experiences, the reason behind their substance abuse, and the changes they believe they need to make. Three themes emerged relating to changes they needed to make:

Recovery is a lot like life. It has ups and downs, twists and turns, and a lot of unexpected surprises. While many people dread the unexpected, it’s actually what works best for us because it forces us to grow and develop into stronger, more capable human beings. You are incredibly strong. If you are reading this right now, you are already on your way towards success in recovery because you’re taking the time to focus in on bettering yourself. Recovery involves many stages, each of which you will work through in due time – which is why patience and determination is incredibly important.

There are many factors involved in mood disorders, so it’s important to speak with a licensed healthcare professional in order to receive an accurate diagnosis. However, recent studies are showing that if we are experiencing disruptive sleep-wake cycles, this could be indicative of major mood disorders such as bipolar disorder (BD) or depression. Consider your current sleeping habits. Do you find yourself resting peacefully all throughout the night? Would you even consider yourself to go into a deep sleep? Or is it on the opposite end of the spectrum – you feel constantly awake and toss and turn all throughout the night. Your sleeping habits could be signs of a serious medical condition, including a mood disorder. A 2015 study published in the journal The Psychiatric Clinics of North America emphasized that residual sleep disturbance is common for those with mood disorders, particularly depression, BD, and others. A 2018 study conducted by researchers in the UK and published in The Lancet Psychiatry journal sought to explore subjective well-being, cognitive function, and mood disorder associations with disrupted sleep cycles. Individuals aged 37-73 years old participated in the study, wearing an accelerometer on their wrist for 7 days to analyze their activity levels and circadian rhythmicity (the body’s internal clock) of rest as well. A total of 91,105 participants were involved in the study, and researchers found that the lower the amplitude of circadian rhythm, the greater the risk of having lifetime major depressive disorder, lifetime bipolar disorder, mood instability, neuroticism, lower health satisfaction, and slower reaction times. Needless to say, your sleeping patterns say a lot about you. According to the National Sleep Foundation, your circadian rhythm is your body’s internal clock that works on 24-hours; people typically experience dips in their rhythm (fatigue) around 2-4 a.m. (when they’re already asleep) and around 1-3 p.m. (shortly after lunch). If you’ve experienced events that could keep you from sleeping throughout the night and staying away during the day, you could off-set your circadian rhythm. If you’ve ruled out sleep disorders from a reputable sleep research center, you may want to speak with a professional from a reputable treatment center about being diagnosed for a mental illness or substance use disorder (SUD).

If you’ve been diagnosed with any type of anxiety disorder, you’re likely very familiar with symptoms such as restlessness, being easily exhausted, difficulty concentrating, irritability, muscle tension, sleeping problems, and more. Anxiety can cause a lot of distress, even interfering with aspects of daily life – such as with school, work, family, or social relationships. If your anxiety disorder has gone untreated for an extended period of time, you may have learned to somehow “cope” with your disorder; when left untreated, many individuals turn to substance use or self-harm, thinking that doing either of these will help dampen or get rid of unwanted symptoms. Unfortunately, the symptoms don’t go away without the right conditions, which often include support and treatment.

Most often used for anxiety, epilepsy and alcohol dependence, benzodiazepines are man-made drugs that help treat symptoms such as the reduced need for sleep, racing thoughts, unusual talkativeness, agitation, and more. By increasing GABA (a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system) a person is likely to experience more relaxation; however, they can be very addictive. Xanax, Librium, Valium and Ativan are all examples of benzodiazepines, and the type of detoxification you experience greatly depends on you sex, age, medical and drug history, family history, and more. Detoxification isn’t always the most pleasant, comfortable experience, but it’s always worth it because it sends you on the road to recovery. Detoxification often involves the process of removing toxins that were acquired from the body either naturally or with the assistance of medication. There are a lot of side effects associated with detox, including: anxiety, clouded vision, difficulty concentrating, hallucinations, short-term memory impairment, twitching, drug cravings, and more. A 2017 study published by the University of Westminster in the UK sought to explore patients’ perceptions of detox from benzodiazepines by analyzing posts via online chat sites; the study’s findings indicated several themes: Hell and isolation – many people didn’t realize the pain of detox, causing them to feel regret that they took the drugs in the first place Anxiety and depression – individuals stated feeling completely flat emotions during detox Alienation – dissociation occurred for several people, where individuals felt they were in a “dream” or a “nightmare” Physical distress – feeling weak, chills, body pains, and heightened sensitivity were expressed Anger and remorse – many individuals expressed anger towards physicians who do not warn against addiction to the drugs, as well as anger to themselves for taking them Waves and windows – people stated the detox phase as a “rollercoaster” between hope and hopelessness Healing and renewal – individuals reported using mindfulness techniques such as meditation and yoga to help get through detox. People also reported the importance of believing that healing does and will happen, which brought intense feelings of triumph for individuals. Detox may not necessarily be easy, but it will be worth it. The most promising, safe option you can choose is to seek out a reputable treatment center because then you will have an entire healthcare team who can work with you through this. You’re not alone.

One of the key phrases in recovery is that “each day is a new day”. Just as the sun sets and rises each day, you can rest assured that you will have yet another opportunity to tackle this thing called life. Addiction and mental illness recovery is comprised of the countless hours, practice, and self-care that individuals put in to make them who they are today; much of this starts with simply waking up in the morning. If you’ve recently started your day, make the decision to do something a little different. Try some writing therapy by selecting a prompt to get your creative juices flowing and your energy going. The American Psychological Association (APA) emphasizes that individuals who engage in therapeutic writing experience a variety of benefits, including improved immune system functioning, reduced stress, better control over diseases, reduced anxiety, and more. To get your day started off on a good note, pick one of the following writing prompts and get to work:

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) affects nearly 4 million people in the United States alone, according to Very Well Mind. Characterized by unstable moods, self-perception, and behaviors, BPD may cause individuals to dissociate – disconnect from thoughts or sense of identity – which can be very distressing. If you’ve been diagnosed with the disorder, you may experience impulsive behaviors, self-harm, suicidal ideation, inappropriate and intense anger, and/or chronic feelings of boredom or emptiness. A variety of treatments are used to help treat BPD, including dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT), cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), and medications. Technology has become more widespread in the world of addiction and mental illness recovery. An example of this includes neurofeedback therapy, which measures brain waves (clients can typically see these displayed on a computer like a video game) to produce a signal that can help individuals learn how to regulate certain chemicals and internal body functions. Virtual reality is now being considered for research in the realm of recovery – which could potentially help those with BPD. With virtual reality therapy, a client would essentially focus their attention on mindfulness skills presented – previous research has shown that it has helped distract burn patients during their burn care as well as helped people apply tools they’ve learned in therapy to real-life scenarios. A 2016 study published in the journal Frontiers in Psychology sought to explore the effects of virtual reality on a 32-year-old female diagnosed with BPD. The individual was experiencing difficulty concentrating, intense emotional reactivity, and more. The virtual reality headset gave her the illusion of “floating down” the river while listening to mindfulness training audio tools. Results from this case study showed that the client experienced less urges for suicide and self-harm, less urges to use substances and reduced negative emotions after using virtual reality therapy. Thus, it seems that virtual reality could possibly become a beneficial factor to addiction and mental illness recovery treatment centers. If you have been diagnosed with a mental disorder or substance use disorder (SUD), it’s important that you seek help from a reputable treatment center. There are a variety of reputable, research-proven methods that can help you move forward towards living a happier, healthier life.

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a mental disorder that involves unstable moods, self-perceptions, and behavior. Typical symptoms of BPD involve efforts to avoid real or imagined abandonment, instability regarding relationships, distorted sense of self, impulsive and often dangerous behaviors, self-harm, suicidal ideation, persistent feelings of emptiness, inappropriate and often intense anger, difficulty trusting people, and feelings of dissociation. When untreated, BPD can cause a lot of disruption to a person’s daily life, affecting their school, work, family, and interpersonal relationships. If you are seeking treatment for BPD, there are several effective therapies that can be used, including dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT). DBT is a type of cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy that has been shown to help those with BPD develop the skills they need to effectively manage their emotions and perceptions. DBT helps clients identify “all or nothing” thoughts that may be holding them back and making life more difficult as well as helping clients identify their own strengths so that they can build on them. Lastly, DBT involves collaboration, as it often involves working with a therapist and completing take-home assignments, role play, and practicing healthy coping skills for when a person is upset. A 2017 study conducted by researchers from Nova Southeastern University sought to explore the perspectives and experiences of individuals with BPD in recovery who underwent DBT. Six individuals were interviewed, and several themes emerged:

Seeing or hearing things can be quite distressing. If you’ve recently been told that some of the things you are claiming to hear or see aren’t really there, it’s natural to feel confused and even panicked. You may be thinking to yourself, “What’s real and what isn’t?” The good news is that you aren’t alone – there are a few different mental illnesses and conditions that involve hallucinations and delusions, both of which can be treated. In order to get a better understanding of what you’re experiencing, let’s identify the differences between delusions and hallucinations:

There’s no doubt that television shows, movies, music and more have an influence on societal views. For those who don’t know or aren’t aware of people around them who have mental illnesses, these media sources may seem like primary examples – providing them with direct information about a wide range of addictions, health conditions, and mental illnesses. While these media sources may seem reliable, the unfortunate reality is that they often aren’t; in fact, they often perpetuate negative stereotypes. Bipolar disorder (BPD) is a classic example of a disorder that gets distorted in movies; the following movies depict the disorder in the wrong way: