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Schizophrenia involves a breakdown between a person’s thoughts, emotions, and behaviors, which can lead to faulty perceptions, inappropriate actions, withdrawal from reality and an overall sense of mental fragmentation. Many people with schizophrenia are misunderstood because of the way they think and act – in fact, loss of touch with reality, disorganized speech or behavior, and difficulty with concentration and memory are just a few symptoms of schizophrenia. If you’ve been diagnosed with the disorder, you may understand that you experience more difficulty with social relationships than others. This can be particularly distressing at first, but understanding the ways in which schizophrenia affect social cognition may help you in gaining better knowledge of tools that you can use to help lessen the severity of some of these symptoms. A 2017 study published in the journal Mental Illness sought to explore emotion perception, theory of mind (ability to understand another person’s knowledge, beliefs, emotions, and intentions and using that to navigate social interactions) and social knowledge in individuals with schizophrenia. Researchers from the study analyzed 36 people diagnosed with schizophrenia and in an outpatient treatment program and compared them to 36 people of comparable age and education but with no mental illness diagnosis. Several neurocognitive tests were conducted, and the researchers found that schizophrenia patients displayed significant impairments in all three areas studied. Due to these social cognition impairments, it’s important for individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia to seek treatment from a reputable treatment center; treatment may involve medication, therapy, as well as social skills training which could greatly improve a person’s interpersonal interactions. Schizophrenia is often misunderstood, which can also make it difficult to form and maintain friendships. With the right treatment however, you can begin taking steps towards building a support network and life that is conducive to your recovery. If you haven’t already, speak with a professional from a reputable treatment center to learn more about programs that could assist you on your journey to recovery. It’s never too late to seek the help you need.

According to USA Today, singer Mariah Carey recently disclosed to the public that she has been diagnosed with bipolar disorder, a disorder which causes shifts in mood, energy, activity levels, and the ability to carry out daily functions. The disorder typically consists of symptoms stemming from mania or depression; mania is characterized as having feelings of being “on top of the world” and having a lot of energy without the need for much sleep, while depressive episodes involve much fatigue and feelings of hopelessness. While celebrities have become more open about their mental health, Mariah Carey is one that hopes to pave a path for more openness and understanding. In 2001, it was told by People Magazine that Mariah Carey first received her diagnosis in 2001 after being hospitalized for having a physical and mental breakdown. The superstar stated that she didn’t want to believe it at first, and that she had a hard couple of years leading up to the diagnosis. She explained, “Until recently I lived in denial and isolation and in constant fear someone would expose me. It was too heavy a burden to carry and I simply couldn’t do that anymore.” Mariah Carey explained that she has been diagnosed with bipolar II disorder, which means that she often experiences depressive phases as well as hypomania, which is less severe than manic episodes but may still involve irritability, restlessness, and hyperactivity. She expressed that her medication is helping her find balance, but that her periods of mania before she was diagnosed were considered by her to be a sleeping disorder. She stated, “…It wasn’t normal insomnia and I wasn’t lying awake counting sheep. I was working and working and working…Eventually I would just hit a wall.” Carey’s ex-husband, Nick Cannon, has expressed his pride in how far she has come as she continues to find strength despite her struggles. He explained that Mariah has found dignity and grace even amongst paparazzi and being a focal point to the public eye. It’s clear to see that celebrities experience mental illness, too – what other celebrities have been diagnosed with BPD? Demi Lovato, Catherine Zeta-Jones, and Carrie Fisher are just a few who have also sought recovery after being diagnosed.

According to a study supported by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), 30%-40% of men and 27%-34% of women who have perpetrated violence against their partners were drinking at the time of the event. The World Health Organization (WHO) refers to intimate partner violence (IPV) as, “any behavior in an intimate relationship that causes physical, psychological, or sexual harm to those in that relationship.” Physical aggression may involve slapping, hitting, kicking, and beating. Psychological harm may involve intimidation, humiliation, isolation, and more, and sexual harm includes forced sexual intercourse or other controlling behaviors. When alcohol is involved to intimate partner violence, the risks of physical, mental, and emotional issues become even more elevated. Excessive alcohol consumption serves as a major contributor to IPV, as alcohol directly affects cognitive and physical functioning, reduces self-control, and makes individuals less capable of settling disputes with others in a safe and reasonable way. There are many indirect consequences of alcoholism as well, including financial hardships, marital problems, job performance issues, family concerns, health issues and more. Children who witness alcoholism and IPV are prone to experience more depression, anxiety, aggression, and higher risk of substance abuse problems later than children who do not. There are a variety of factors that can influence alcohol-IPV situations:

Narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) involves an over-inflated sense of self, a lack of empathy for other people, and a general sense of self-importance. There are two branches that have been accepted with NPD: grandiose and vulnerable. Grandiose NPD is the most commonly known type and involves having a very high sense of self-esteem with a demand for respect and adoration. Many people with NPD are viewed as being “cold”, with a barrier placed around them from others. One less known type of NPD, vulnerable NPD, is a little less known, but is still as important. Vulnerable NPD often goes undiscussed because it is the more “quiet” of the two; people with this disorder are unlike their grandiose counterparts as they may come off as shyer or more reserved. Individuals with vulnerable NPD are often highly sensitive to others’ criticisms and emotional reactions but may be burdened by persistent feelings of loneliness. If you have vulnerable NPD, you may tend to act disinterested, bored, condescending, or judgmental around others to get them to engage with you without you having to speak with them directly. While you may have an inflated sense of self-importance, this high self-esteem can easily come crashing down in moments where you experience the loss of a job, a poor performance evaluation at work, etc. Social media is often a big platform for those with this type of disorder, as they display their lives through tools such as Facebook or Instagram. Those with vulnerable NPD often behave as though they’re underappreciated or underrated, despite their achievements and recognition. In addition, passive aggressiveness is common in those with vulnerable NPD, as they may ignore a person as a form of punishment for not doing what they wanted that person to do. If you’ve been diagnosed with vulnerable NPD, you may blame others’ shortcomings, justify your actions even if others view them as disconcerting, and distance yourself from others based on the belief that they are not good enough. Treatment for vulnerable NPD is available, and may include medication and psychotherapy, also known as “talk therapy”. If you relate to the above symptoms, speak with a licensed professional today to potentially obtain a diagnosis.

Sedatives have been widely prescribed to treat conditions such as anxiety, pain, insomnia, and panic attacks. They are central nervous system depressants, meaning they slow normal brain function by affecting the neurotransmitter GABA – responsible for reducing neuronal excitability. Sedatives such as benzodiazepines and barbiturates have become more controlled due to their potential for abuse or misuse, but even those with prescriptions are at risk. Those who use sedatives recreationally often do so alongside mixtures of other substances, increasing their chances for dangerous side effects. Prescription medications can easily become abused if a patient is not closely monitoring how often, how much, or how long they are supposed to be taking the drug. A 2015 study conducted by researchers from Texas and published in the Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine noted self-medication as a major cause of sedative abuse; for those with anxiety, increases in emotional stress can lead to increased vulnerability towards anxiety, causing a person to attempt to self-medicate. Examples of emotional stress include:

Approximately 1.5 million people are diagnosed with schizophrenia each year; schizophrenia is a long-term mental disorder experienced with symptoms of hallucinations, delusions, difficulty with thinking and concentration, lack of motivation, and more. Onset of this disorder can be hard to tell, but signs often including a sudden change of friends, a drop-in school grades, sleeping problems, and irritability. There is much stigma that surrounds mental illness, but unfortunately those with schizophrenia receive much stereotyping due to media and societal misunderstanding. As a 2015 study published in Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology confirmed, realistic opinions regarding schizophrenia and other mental disorders is associated with lower prejudicial attitudes and social rejection.

Fox News covered the story of a 45-year-old mother with 3 children who is married to a college sweetheart now running an investment firm. This woman has a master’s degree in education, has traveled around the world with her family, and volunteers often at her local church. The feature then discussed that this mother had a drug addiction due to “accidental addiction”; this term was defined as when a person “trips down the rabbit-hole of addiction after being prescribed pain or anxiety medications by a well-intentioned doctor.” There are many factors that have placed a person at high-risk for accidental addiction, such as underlying mental health issues, childhood issues, trauma, or certain temperaments. Whether your story relates to the one mentioned above or not, you may be wondering, “Is accidental addiction real?” This question is a bit more complex than what it seems on the surface. Contrary to the widespread belief that most individuals with opioid addiction fall into it accidentally, many people who abuse opioids or have become addicted to them also have a substance use history with other drugs, as well as psychological problems poly-drug use. In fact, it seems that many people who become addicted to opioids aren’t even the ones prescribed them – a 2018 study published in BMJ, a peer-reviewed medical journal, found that only 1% of people who took prescription pain medication following surgery showed signs of opioid misuse. Furthermore, a 2014 analysis conducted by the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) found that 54% of non-medical users got their prescription opioids for free from friends and family. It seems that opioid addiction isn’t as much of an accident, after all. Does this mean that accidents don’t occur? Accidents can certainly occur, they are just less likely to occur than people tend to believe. Women are more susceptible for “accidental addiction” due to their hormones – higher levels of estrogen make women more likely to experience a “high” from opioids, and women are more likely to seek help from a doctor than men anyways, making them more likely to obtain a prescription in the first place. If you have been prescribed painkillers, remember to follow the directions exactly as prescribed. Maintain regular check-ups with your doctor to ensure you aren’t becoming dependent on them, and properly wean yourself off the medication with your doctor’s help when the time is right. If you feel you are becoming addicted to them, seek treatment right away. The sooner you seek help, the better.

Thousands of years before modern medicine arrived, Ayurveda was utilized in India. As one of the world’s oldest medical systems, Ayurveda is based on herbal compounds, special diets, and other health practices. The practice combines Sanskrit words including “ayur” which means life, and “veda” which means science or knowledge. Deepak Chopra described the practice as, “The two main guiding principles of Ayurveda are 1) the mind and the body are inextricably connected and 2) nothing has more power to heal and transform the body than the mind.” Universal connectedness, the body’s constitution, and life forces are all comprised of Ayurveda, which physicians develop an individualized treatment program through use of herbs, diet, exercise, and recommendations for lifestyle. Use of herbs and of the practice on one’s own can be dangerous, however, if not led by a licensed, reputable physician, so it’s important to use this practice through a reputable treatment center. The main belief of Ayurveda is that freedom from illness is found through awareness of one’s own body, lifestyle, and diet. In order for individuals to gain more awareness of their body, meditation is often used. Meditation involves intense focus on the breath and body, most commonly practiced while sitting and with the eyes closed. According to the University of Maryland Medical Center, Ayurveda has become more integrated with not only meditation but with yoga as well, to help individuals identify any health or mental problems between the various holistic methods. Is Ayurveda effective? While the World Health Organization (WHO) has noted limited research on Ayurveda, many people have attested to the benefits of this practice. Holistic medicine is still relatively new in the United States, and people are becoming more open to it than ever before. Many Ayurveda treatments aim to help a person maintain their health, not to necessarily treat a specific treatment. This type of practice works well as a complementary method to go along with a core treatment program. If you’re considering Ayurveda, speak with a representative at a reputable treatment center today.

As the World Health Organization (WHO) notes, nearly 450 million people are currently experiencing a mental illness around the world; this equates to one in four people. Despite the high numbers of people who experience mental illness, there are many stigmas surrounding the topic, preventing people from finding support and seeking help to work through their obstacles. Actress Glenn Close, who played the role of a woman scorned by others after having an affair in the psychological thriller “Fatal Attraction”, has been working diligently to change the minds of many who fear mental illness or believe that those with mental illness are less than. For Ms. Close, de-stigmatization is important because of her experience with mental illness in her own family. Glenn’s nephew Calen has schizophrenia, and her sister Jessie has bipolar disorder. As noted on CBS News, Glenn emphasized that awareness became even more important to her once she realized exactly how many people experience mental illness. She stated, “When I became an advocate, I realized that is a family affair for one in four of us. One in four of us is touched in some way by mental illness. So, it became obvious to me that we have to talk about it.” Glenn Close brings to light an important subject – why don’t people talk about mental illness? There are a number of reasons:

Perhaps you’ve been feeling a lot of anxiety, guilt, and general hopelessness lately. One day it may have seemed like you suddenly lost interest in everything you used to enjoy – you no longer want to go out with friends, you stopped attending a special interest group and you have difficulty finding the motivation to even get out of bed every morning. These are all symptoms of depression; there is a lot that goes into depression, and it can truly cause a lot of distress in your daily life. No matter what you’re going through, it’s important for you to seek help. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), nearly 350 million people worldwide experience some form of depression. The symptoms of depression vary and may be chronic or short-lived, induced by specific events or something as simple as a change in the weather season. The following are the most common disorders associated with depression:

According to the Health Research Funding Organization, an estimated 1% to 3% of the general population in the United States have histrionic personality disorder (HPD), with two-thirds of individuals who have it consisting of women. HPD is a disorder that causes the person to experience instability in emotions with distorted views of themselves and fluctuations in their self-esteem. People with this disorder are prone to seek reassurance from others, to focus more on their physical appearance and aesthetic appeal, to use exaggerated motions and expressions, to have a lack of sincerity when engaging in social interactions, and more. HPD is intense in nature, making it difficult for people with this disorder to form and maintain close relationships. Our personality is ingrained within us from birth – how we behave and perceive ourselves and others can set a pattern for our lives. Personality disorders are considered inflexible and maladaptive, causing a person internal stress when their actions do not align with societal expectations and values. HPD exhibits excessive emotionality – and many with this disorder are regarded as “attention seekers”. Appearing as lively and dramatic, people with HPD may even embarrass friends and family in public with excessive public displays of emotion. The causes of HPD are unknown, and little research has been conducted on this disorder. However, many scientists believe that biological, developmental, cognitive, and social factors all play a key role. For example, studies have shown that people with HPD have highly responsive noradrenergic systems, which are mechanisms that release the neurotransmitter norepinephrine (responds to stress). It is believed that the malfunction that occurs with norepinephrine and other neurotransmitters is responsible for high reactivity. Some psychologists theory that people with HPD have highly maladaptive defense mechanisms, causing them to engage in repression, denial, dissociation, and displacement. Social and cultural perspective could certainly have an influence on this area. If you have HPD and are experiencing a variety of difficulties in your daily life, make the decision to seek treatment today. There are many tools that you can learn to better cope with unsettling situations, allowing you to better connect with others. Recovery is possible.

One person explained their success story with barbiturate addiction on the Massachusetts Medical Society’s official website. Here is an excerpt from their story: “I abused narcotics and barbiturates for the better part of 15 years. I initially like the way the drugs made me feel. Toward the end of my use, however, everything had changed…I lived in terror of being caught, thinking that I was maybe one of two or three doctors in the country with such a shameful problem…I have several years of recovery at this time…I feel that I am a far better physician, father, and member of society today than I ever was before.” First developed in the 19th century, barbiturates are both psychologically and physically addictive. Individuals are at high risk for overdose with barbiturates, as the dose that could lead to this is very small. Barbiturates are in the same classification as benzodiazepines, which include Valium, Klonopin, and more. These drugs act as depressants on the central nervous system, and often are used in medical practices for anesthesia. The “high” effects of barbiturates reach a plateau after a few hours, leading a person to have to consume more of the drug – which can easily lead to addiction. According to the Global Information Network about Drugs, barbiturates increase the activity of gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA), placing a sedative effect on the individual which can even lead to unconsciousness if taken in strong doses. Once taken, effects of the drug can kick in within 15 minutes and can last for up to 6 hours, depending on the drug taken. Typical symptoms associated with barbiturate use are: slurred speech, lack of coordination, reduced inhibition, impaired judgment, and confusion. If overdose occurs, respiratory arrest and death are possible. Barbiturate addiction is noticeable when a person seems to be tired all of the time, falls over often, and seems paranoid when awake. Insomnia is also a cause for concern if addiction is present. If you are struggling with barbiturate addiction, make the decision to seek help today. It’s never too late, and there are many people out here who want to see you overcome this.